Algunos años favorables en el valor de los productos primarios generaron un crecimiento sostenido de los valores de las economías latinoamericanas: el petróleo para Ecuador, México, Venezuela; el cobre en Chile, la soja y otros productos agrícolas en Argentina. Pero no todos ellos mantienen estrategias de creación de bases económicas o técnicas que conviertan las ventajas temporales en progresos sólidos. Ya lo mencionaba hace poco Kenneth Rogoff:
El actual profesor de la Universidad de Harvard, que trabajó en el FMI en plena crisis argentina, entre 2001 y 2003, vaticinó en una entrevista que publicó ayer el diario chileno La Tercera que el país "colapsará en grande cuando el ciclo alto de las commodities (materias primas) pase, cuando tengamos la próxima recesión"Un estudio detallado de la composición y valor de las exportaciones latinoamericanas, en Inter-American Development Bank:
According to IDB trade specialists, this year’s strong export performance was largely the result of robust economic growth in the United States and the demand for commodities from rapidly expanding Asian economies, particularly China and India.Las bolsas subirán o bajarán, pero no hay dudas de que el precio de los commodities no será siempre favorable, y lo que pesará serán las decisiones de fondo, en conocimiento, en infraestructuras, en capitalización.
Other factors influencing the increase were the continuing recovery of trade among sub-regional blocs such as the Andean Community (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela[1]) and Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay), as well as the implementation of agreements between Chile and the United States and between Mercosur and the Andean Community.
However, the outlook for Latin American exports is mixed, the analysts noted, due to several negative and positive factors that will probably influence future flows.
“Looking forward, the region’s prospects of sustaining such an impressive performance seem to hang on the complex interplay between the challenges and opportunities looming in the horizon,” the report said.
Among the factors that could dampen future export growth: a downturn in the prices of key commodities such as soybeans and copper, a slowdown in the U.S. economy, intensified competition from Asian textiles and apparel, and the currency appreciation experienced by most Latin American currencies.
Those factors could be counterbalanced, at least in part, if China and India maintain their high levels of economic growth, as well as by the expanding access to U.S. and Asian markets under deals such as the Central American Free Trade Agreement and agreements signed by Chile, Mexico and Peru in the framework of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group.
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