En principio, en el índice del WEF, Argentina ocupa el puesto 85, lo que significa que, en América, el Foro considera más competitivos (avanzando de atrás hacia adelante) a Trinidad y Tobago (84), Honduras (83), Jamaica (78), Uruguay (75), Brasil (72), Colombia (69), El Salvador (67), Costa Rica (63), Panamá (59), México (52), Barbados (50), Puerto Rico (36), y Chile (26).
¿Qué significa esto? ¿Quiere decir que lo que posee un ciudadano de Honduras es más y mejor que lo que posee un ciudadano de Gran Buenos Aires? Quizá si, quizá no. En términos absolutos, pesa también el patrimonio histórico, el nivel de riqueza social que la historia de cada país ha logrado: una ciudad chilena parece más pobre que una argentina; pero los parámetros de calidad nos dicen para dónde va, qué perspectivas se construyen cada día, cada año. Y en este terreno, visiblemente Argentina declina permanentemente.
Qué dice el WEF sobre su sistema de medición:
What does The Global Competitiveness Report measure?Debemos hablar de la calidad de la educación, de la calidad de la justicia y la seguridad pública, de la confiabilidad de la administración, de la medición estadística, de la infraestructura pública, de las garantías ciudadanas?
The Global Competitiveness Report assesses the ability of countries to provide high levels of prosperity to their citizens. This in turn depends on how productively a country uses available resources. Therefore, the Global Competitiveness Index measures the set of institutions, policies, and factors that set the sustainable current and medium-term levels of economic prosperity.
How is the Global Competitiveness Index calculated?
The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) is made up of over 90 variables, of which two thirds come from the Executive Opinion Survey, and one third comes from publicly available sources. The variables are organized into nine pillars, with each pillar representing an area considered as an important determinant of competitiveness (Institutions, Infrastructure, Macroeconomy, Health and primary education, Higher education and training, Market efficiency, Technological readiness, Business sophistication, and Innovation). The impact of each pillar on competitiveness varies across countries, in function of their stages of economic development. In order to take this reality into account in the calculation of the GCI, pillars are given different weights.
What are the difference between the Global Competitiveness Index and the Growth Competitiveness Index?
Both Indices result from the World Economic Forum’s efforts to identify and measure the key drivers of competitiveness. The Growth Competitiveness Index with 35 variables is a less sophisticated structure which captures three key drivers of growth: the macroeconomic environment, the quality of public institutions and technology. By contrast, the Global Competitiveness Index, rich of over 90 variables, is a much more comprehensive tool. It incorporates concepts that theoretical and empirical work suggest are important determinants of competitiveness, such as the functioning of labour markets, the quality of a country’s infrastructure, the state of education and public health, and the size of the market.